China’s One Child Policy is said to have created a generation of ‘Little Emperors’. Assess the consequences of most families having only one or two children Essay Example for Free

China’s One Child Policy is said to have created a generation of ‘Little Emperors’. Assess the consequences of most families having only one or two children Essay Chinas one-child family policy has had a great effect on the lives of nearly a quarter of the worlds population for a quarter of a century, after it was introduced in 1979. One of the effects is often referred to as â€Å"Little Emperor’s Syndrome†, which is when the only child received excessive amounts of attention from relatives causing a â€Å"spoilt brat† generation to occur. This puts both social and economic pressures on the families and children. By only having one child per family it allows the family to solely use its resources on that child; thus allowing the child to often fulfill their potential, as English lessons, music lessons and an additional range of extracurricular activities are normal. Although this has positive outcomes such as a rise in the number of Chinese children going to university, it has still mainly had the negative effect of the â€Å"Little Emperors† having large expectations of everyone else, with the government now being worried about a slump in the economy, being one of the many reasons why China may drop the one child policy. One of the main issues with the one child policy is that 336 million abortions in the time of the policy have taken place, which has caused a few moral issues throughout the world, with many people questioning the policy. Although many people in China have said that it has been a positive as a way to maintain the resources in the country and stop a large increase in the population. The number of abortions is paired with the issue of gendercide in China being at an all time high, people want a â€Å"Little Emperor† and not â€Å"Little Empress† due to traditional preference, this again presents a moral issue with the policy and may lead to future problems. Over 20 million girls are aborted each year and with over 50 million Chinese girls currently missing, there is a problem brewing in that there will be a shortage of women in comparison to men which may see the population and economy of China drop. The one child policy is also a costly program for the Chinese Government with over 400,000 people currently working for the policy and annually costs $708.8 million. This is not helped by the fact that the one child policy is creating a generation of youngsters that is not as good a working force compared to the current one; this is due to the fact that the â€Å"Little Emperors† are spoiled and do not expect to work for themselves (especially in urban areas, where there are wealthier families). It is thought that with the population (Fig 1) stagnating the economy may stagnate also, due to a smaller working force and one that is less willing to work, an example of the â€Å"Little Emperor’s Syndrome† is that there has been a doubling in the number of platinum jewelry sales in China, an expensive gift usually given to children. Although the parental expectations are high, only 2% of Chinese children are able to go to university, which many Chinese scholars suggest may be a sign of the future of the stagnation of the Chinese economy. This all shows that the one child policy may not be aiding the economy that has currently been one of the fastest growing in the world, causing a few people in China to question it. The policy has also affected the children themselves, as surveys have suggested that children born during the one child policy are significantly less trusting, less trustworthy, more risk-averse, less competitive, more pessimistic, and less conscientious individuals. All these characteristics are due to the fact that many of these children are born as an only child, and they now have present implications for the nation. These consequences include the number of criminal incidents to increase by 7.2% in the past 3 years and over $17 billion being spent on illegal drugs; this is because many young people create groups or gangs as close relationships in the place of ones with their siblings; but also due to the fact that a surplus of men has caused an increase in violence due to the increase in young males not marrying and becoming restless. This is not going to be beneficial for the country as it is causing youngsters to be misled into crime and will also be expensive for the government to try and expel from the country. It is also a thought that in the future there will be fewer people of a working age to support a growing number of elderly dependents, meaning that China has an ageing population. (Fig 2) Unfortunately, ageing populations have significant social and economic effects on countries, and with China’s fertility rate being predicted to be as low as 1.5 [a 2.1 fertility rate is needed in China in order for sustainability] the long term effects of the One-Child policy are likely to have detrimental effects for the future; including a stagnating economy. This is made worse by the fact that there are 60 million more men than women in China, which, is only going to lead to more social problems, such as a decrease in population in the future. (Fig 1)Which is shown by a recent census, Chinas population grew 5.8% since 2000, from 1.27 billion to 1.34 billion — a significant difference from the previous census, which indicated a rate of 11.7%. (Fig 1) Finally, a positive effect of the one child policy is that it has severely reduced the population of the China by roughly 400 million. This has created an abundance of resources for China, which was under some pre ssure for necessities such as drinking water. However, China has dealt with that through projects such as the Three Gorges Dam, but also through the one child policy allowing for the surplus resources to exist due to the decline in population growth. The lack of 400 million people has also helped reduce global warming, because, by stopping these births China has averted over 1.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere. Overall, it is clear that there are many negative consequences that have occurred or that will occur due to the one child policy, which is why it is thought that by 2020 the one child policy will no longer exist and that it will become the two child policy. The problems are economic and social problems that revolve around the idea of an ageing population that will need financial support from a spoiled generation; yet, the only environmental factors are positive- with global warming being reduced and the resources in China lasting longer and there being surplus. However, it is obvious that the â€Å"Little Emperors† are going to have to support China in their time of need, which is due to the one child policy, and it is whether they can do it or whether they have been spoiled to the extent that they are unable to run one of the biggest economies in the world. Lastly, the one child policy has probably been good for China itself, but the way that other nations now perceive China after the â€Å"brutal† one child policy, may cause them future problems.

Humbert Humbert of Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita Essay -- Essays Papers

Humbert Humbert of Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita Humbert Humbert. A delusional, sick, middle aged man obsessed with a self created love for pre-pubescent girls he has namely dubbed nymphets. Right? Wrong, this is only the skin-deep image we are given of the main character in Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita. Rather, He is a highly intelligent chess master who is constantly aware of his environment and is able to manipulate it with minute actions bringing him the results he desires. Humbert’s obsession for the opposite sex starts in chapters three and four when we are introduced to his first love - Annabel. As Humbert recalls his beloved nymphets, he talks of two kinds of visual memory pertaining to remembering a face. One that a person, with their eyes open, must recreate, piece by piece, taking little details of vivid moments in time and putting them all together. The other, an instant glimpse, as if a flash bulb goes off inside your head, and instinctively, an â€Å"objective, absolutely optical replica of a beloved face, a little ghost in natural colors† appears â€Å"on the dark innerside of your eyelids† (Nabokov 11). I would like to expand on the latter of the two ideologies, saying that this image, the more one thinks about it, the clarity soon fades. The reasoning for this being emotional attachment, one’s mind begins to wander about things that occurred in the past. Perhaps why he isn’t looking at the face in real li fe right then, instead of picturing it in his imagination. These emotional ties to that person may be for various reasons, but those aren’t important, it is the depth of them that bears the significance. He remembers Lolita’s face in the second of the two ways because of the extreme feelings he had built up for her throughout the time he was with her. Humbert recalls Annabel’s face with the first method simply because she was his first. Not because of any serious feelings for her; at least compared to the magnitude of those for Lolita. Writing from the confines of a jail cell, Humbert Humbert tells us this story of his sex-capade across the country with little Dolores Haze. He fills his pages with incredible detail, often wandering on certain subjects seeming unimportant, but written as if crucial to understanding his point. An example of this is Humbert’s recollection of the lake and its splendor, being more than just a place to swim and relax; but a... ...nsignificant souvenirs and pointless tours of monuments they encountered along the trip. He couldn’t risk being caught; it isn’t far fetched to imagine Lolita throwing a fit and spilling her guts to an official for the mere refusal of an ice cream cone Humbert wouldn’t buy her. So, in coming to a conclusion, I feel that Humbert Humbert isn’t crazy, or emotionally disturbed, but rather a bit vulnerable. His original fling with Annabel had such a strong impact on him, that from then on, he had a predetermination of what beauty in the opposite sex was - a nymphet. He has a strange fetish, which he allows to turn into obsession. Being immoral and illegal, his actions are condemned by all. Imagine all that he has taken away from a little girl’s growing up. He turned her into a personal prostitute, and forced her to become more mature than anyone her age. In the end, Humbert Humbert gets what is deserved and goes to jail; but not for reasons pertaining to his deeds with Lolita. His jealous murder of Clare Quilty finally sees him to his prison cell where he is sentenced to life. From there, the only way to embrace his obsession is through writing, and thus we are given the novel Lolita.

Effect of Temperature on Content of Vitamin C Essay

Introduction A daily intake of Vitamin C is essential for humans. Without it, the disease scurvy develops as sailors, explorers and people during the long winters in the Northern hemisphere found before the time of Captain Cook. The British Navy started giving sailors lime juice to prevent scurvy on long voyages in 1795. Vitamin C is found in high levels in foods such as oranges, limes, lemons, blackcurrants, parsley and capsicums. Vitamin C is water soluble and is therefore not stored or synthesized in the body, thus a daily supply is required. It breaks down, and is no longer effective due to factors such as extreme temperatures or storage for more than a few days. Aim To investigate the effect of temperature of juice on the content of Vitamin C. Variables Independent: Temperature of orange juice – 25 °C, 50 °C, 100 °C Dependent: Content of Vitamin C recorded by the number of Iodine drops Controlled: Amount of orange juice – 2mL measure using a 25mL pipette Controlled: Amount of starch solution – 2mL measure using a 25mL pipette Controlled: Amount of hydrochloric acid 1M – 2 drops from a dropper bottle Controlled: Amount of distilled water – 4mL measure using a 25mL pipette Controlled: Molar concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) – 1M controlled using the same dropper bottle of HCl each time Hypothesis As the temperature of the juice increases the content of Vitamin C will decrease. Materials: Nudie orange juice Iodine Starch solution Dropper bottle hydrochloric acid 1M Distilled water 3 conical flasks Test tube rack Bunsen burner 25mL pipette 250mL beaker Heat proof mat Safety Glasses Thermometer Gloves Safety coat Method 1. Place 10mL of Nudie orange juice in a 250mL beaker. 2. Using a Bunsen burner, heat the juice to 25 °C. 3. Measure temperature by placing a thermometer in the juice. 4. Once juice is 25 °C, using a 25mL pipette, add 2mL of the juice into a clean conical flask. 5. Using a 25mL pipette, add 4 mL of distilled water and 2mL of starch solution. 6. Add 2 drops of hydrochloric acid 1M (HCL). 7. Using a dropper bottle of iodine, add iodine drops counting the number of drops added and mixing the solution after each drop. 8. Once the solution starts to turn purple, record the number of iodine drops added for purple to appear. 9. Clean conical flasks using water. 10. Repeat steps 1-9 with 50 °C juice and 100 °C juice. Complete 3 trials for each. Risk Assessment: Risk Prevention Hydrochloric can irritate the skin if in contact Keep the lid closed when not in use. Wear gloves, a safety coat and glasses Risk of Bunsen burner burning the skin Turn the Bunsen burner off when not in use Use a heat proof mat underneath it Keep a safe distance when burning Test tubes are breakable and my cut the skin Keep test tubes in the test tube rack Handle with care Results: Effect of temperature of juice on the content of Vitamin C Temperature of orange juice Number of Iodine drops Average 25 °C 16 drops 14 drops 13 drops 14 drops 50 °C 7 drops 10 drops 8 drops 8 drops 100 °C 5 drops 3 drops 5 drops 4 drops Discussion Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is an essential water-soluble nutrient for humans and some animal species. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant serving to prevent cellular damage which is the common pathway for cancer, aging, and a variety of diseases. Vitamin C is also required to make collagen, a protein that aids the healing of wounds. The body also needs vitamin C as it improves the absorption of iron and supports the immune system. Vitamin C can be found predominantly in citrus fruits and green vegetables. The Recommended Daily Intake (RDA) is 60 mg per day. Vitamin C deficiency may cause Scurvy. Taking too much vitamin C can cause diarrhea, nausea and stomach cramps. Vitamin C is the most unstable vitamin which can be easily denatured. At high temperature, in the presence of sun light and oxygen present in air, vitamin C reacts and it is oxidized. Excessive amounts of heat can destroy vitamin C completely. At 70 °C vitamin C is denatured so it should be preserved below 70 °C to avoid heat damage. (Admin, 2013) This experiment should show a result of decreased vitamin C content as the  temperature is increased. It can be seen from the results table and graph of this experiment that the lower the temperature the more vitamin C is present in the orange juice. Each trial was fairly precise and the average showed a near consistent decrease in vitamin C content as the temperature increased. The average drops at 25 °C were 14 and the average at 100 °C was 4 showing a decrease in 10 drops. The results supported the hypothesis as it was clearly seen that as the temperature of the juice increases the content of Vitamin C will decrease. The procedural method was solid and straightforward. There were, however a couple possible sources of error. Using droppers to measure the hydrochloric acid and add the iodine is not very accurate and may produce different quantities which could affect the results. This random error maybe reduced by getting a more accurate measuring device. The major problem however was the interpretation of the colour purple once adding the iodine drops. This is a random error as it affects each result differently depending on the interpretation. To reduce this error, a colour chart should be used to compare with the solution to give a more accurate result on the interpretation of purple. Oxygen and sunlight also denatures vitamin C. The longer the juice was left in the open the more oxygen and sunlight that could decrease the content of vitamin C. The me thod needs to be changed so that it states to put the lid back on the orange juice or a specific time added so each trial the juice is exposed to air for the same amount of time to get more precise results. Conclusion Vitamin C is the most unstable vitamin which can easily be denatured. The investigation was successful with some random errors however the results still supported the hypothesis. Only minor changes are necessary to the experiment but overall the results coincided with the research of the effect of temperature on vitamin C content. To keep high presence of vitamin C while cooking it is recommended that the vegetables are cooked in low heat and small amounts of water for short periods to minimize the loss of vitamin C. Bibliography Admin. (2013, February 14). At What Temperature Does Vitamin C Denature? Retrieved April 15, 2014, from Vitaminable: http://www.vitaminable.com/at-what-temperature-does-vitamin-c-denature.html Ehrlich, S. D. (2011, July 7). Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid). Retrieved April 15, 2014, from University of Maryland Medical Center: http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/vitamin-c-ascorbic-acid Office of Dietary Supplements. (2011, June 24). Vitamin C. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from Office of Dietary Supplements – National Institutes of Health: http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-QuickFacts/

Dates in June for Science, Trademarks and Inventors

In the world of science, there are dates in June that are standouts for invention, patents, trademarks and a variety of achievements. Also worthy of mention are the birthdays of the men and women who made these innovations possible. For example, in 1895, the gasoline-powered automobile was patented in June. Also in June, a few years earlier (1887), the Coca-Cola bottle label was trademarked. A famous birthday, long ago, on June 7, 1502, was Pope Gregory XIII, who invented the Gregorian calendar in 1582, which is the same calendar in use today. Significant Happenings in June in the World of Science and Invention The following table outlines the dates of significant scientific events and inventor birthdays: Date Event Birthday June 1 1869Thomas Edison obtained a patent for an electrographic vote recorder 1826Carl Bechstein, German piano manufacturer, who invented improvements to pianos1866Charles Davenport, American biologist who pioneered new standards of taxonomy1907Frank Whittle, English aviation inventor of a jet engine1917William Standish Knowles, American chemist who developed pharmaceutical compounds (Nobel Prize, 2001)1957Jeff Hawkins, American who invented the Palm Pilot and Treo June 2 19062,ure a Grand Old Flag by George M. Cohan was trademark registered1857James Gibbs patented the first chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine 1758Cornelis Rudolphus Theodorus Krayenhoff, Dutch physicist, hydraulic engineer, cartographer and fortress architect June 3 1969New York Rangers was trademark registered1934Dr. Frederick Banting, the coinventor of insulin, was knighted 1761Henry Shrapnel, English inventor of shrapnel1904Charles Richard Drew, pioneer of blood plasma research1947John Dykstra, pioneer in the development of computers in filmmaking for special effects June 4 1963Patent No. 3,091,888 was granted to 6-year-old Robert Patch for a toy truck 1801James Pennethorne, architect who designed Kennington Park and Victoria Park in London1877Heinrich Wieland, German chemist, who researched bile acids; made the first synthesis of Adamsite; and isolated the toxin alpha-amanitin, the principal active agent of one of the worlds most poisonous mushrooms (Nobel Prize, 1927)1910Christopher Cockerell invented the Hovercraft June 5 1984Safety cap for a medicine bottle patented by Ronald Kay 1718Thomas Chippendale, English furniture maker1760Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist who discovered yttrium1819John Couch Adams, English astronomer who codiscovered Neptune1862Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, who researched the refractive properties of the eye to focus images (astigmatism), and invented an improved ophthalmoscope and corrective lenses for use after removal of a cataract (Nobel Prize, 1911)1907Rudolf Peierls, physicist with a major role in Britains nuclear program, who coauthored the Frisch-Peierls memorandum, the first paper on constructing an atomic bomb from a small amount of fissionable uranium-2351915Lancelot Ware founded Mensa1944Whitfield Diffie, American cryptographer, was a pioneer of public-key cryptography June 6 1887J.S. Pembertons Coca-Cola label was trademark registered 1436Johannes Muller, astronomer who invented astronomical tables1850Karl Ferdinand Braun, German scientist who invented the first oscilloscope, known as the Braun tube, and invented a form of wireless telegraphy (Nobel Prize, 1909)1875Walter Percy Chrysler, car manufacturer who founded Chrysler Corporation in 19251886Paul Dudley White, heart specialist who was the father of preventive cardiology1933Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist who co-invented the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, providing the first images of individual atoms on the surfaces of materials (Nobel Prize, 1986) June 7 1946Eensie Weensie Spider by Yola De Meglio was copyright registered1953The first color network telecast in compatible color was broadcast from a station in Boston 1502Pope Gregory XIII invented the Gregorian calendar in 15821811James Young Simpson, Scottish obstetrician who discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform, and successfully introduced chloroform into general medical use1843Susan Elizabeth Blow, American educator who invented kindergarten1886Henri Coanda, Romanian inventor and aviation scientist who designed early jet engines1896Robert Mulliken, American chemist and physicist, who was behind the early development of molecular orbital theory (Nobel Prize, 1966)1925Camille Flammarion, French astronomer and writer, was the first to suggest the names Triton and Amalthea for the moons of Neptune and Jupiter and published the magazine LAstronomie June 8 1869Ives McGaffey patented a carpet sweeping machine, the first patent for a device that cleaned rugs 1625Giovanni Cassini, French astronomer who discovered the moons of Saturn1724 John Smeaton, British engineer who invented the air pump for diving gear1916Francis Crick, British molecular biologist, physicist and neuroscientist, who co-discovered DNA structure and had a crucial role in research related to revealing the genetic code, and who also attempted to advance the scientific study of human consciousness with theoretical neurobiology (Nobel Prize, 1962)1955Tim Berners-Lee, computer pioneer who lead the development of the World Wide Web, HTML (used to create web pages), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and URLs (Universal Resource Locators) June 9 1953Patent No. 2,641,545 was granted to John Kraft for the manufacture of soft surface cured cheese 1781George Stephenson, English inventor of the first steam locomotive engine for railroads1812Hermann von Fehling, German chemist who invented Fehlings solution used for estimation of sugar1812Johann G. Galle, German astronomer who discovered Neptune1875Henry Dale, British physiologist who identified acetylcholine as a possible neurotransmitter (Nobel Prize, 1936)1892Helena Rubinstein, invented different cosmetics and founded the Helena Rubinstein Company1900Fred Waring, American inventor of the Waring Blender1915Les Paul, American inventor who invented the Les Paul electric guitar, sound-on-sound, the eight-track recorder, overdubbing, the electronic reverb effect and multitrack tape recording. June 10 1952The polyester film Mylar was trademark registered1902A patent for the window envelope for letters was granted to H.F. Callahan 1706John Dollond, English optician and inventor who was granted the first patent for an achromatic lens1832Nicolaus Otto, German automobile designer who invented an effective gas motor engine and the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine, called the Otto Cycle Engine1908Ernst Chain, German chemist and bacteriologist who invented a manufacturing process for Penicillin G Procaine and made it available as medication (Nobel Prize, 1945)1913Wilbur Cohen was the first hired employee of the Social Security System June 11 1895Charles Duryea patented a gasoline-powered automobile 1842Carl von Linde, German engineer and physicist who wrote the Linde-process1867Charles Fabry, scientist who discovered the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere1886David Steinman, American engineer and bridge designer who built the Hudson and Triborough bridges1910Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French oceanic explorer who invented diving gear June 12 1928The brightly colored, candy-coated, licorice candy, Good and Plenty was trademark registered 1843David Gill, Scottish astronomer known for research on measuring astronomical distances, astrophotography, and geodesy1851Oliver Joseph Lodge, English radio pioneer who invented spark plugs June 13 1944Patent No. 2,351,004 was granted to Marvin Camras for the magnetic tape recorder 1773Thomas Young, British philologist and physician who established the wave theory of light1831James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist who discovered the electromagnetic field1854Charles Algernon Parsons, British inventor of the steam turbine1938Peter Michael, English electronic manufacturer and founder of Quantel, who invented hardware and software packages for video production, including UEI and Paintbox June 14 1927George Washington Carver received a patent for a process of producing paints and stains 1736Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist who wrote Coulombs Law and invented the torsion balance1868Karl Landsteiner, Austrian immunologist and pathologist who invented the modern system of classification of blood groups (Nobel Prize, 1930)1912E. Cuyler Hammond, scientist who was the first to prove that smoking causes lung cancer1925David Bache, English car designer who invented the Land Rover and Series II Land Rover1949Bob Frankston, computer programmer and inventor of VisiCalc June 15 1844Charles Goodyear was granted patent No. 3,633 for vulcanized rubber 1932Einar Enevoldson, American test pilot for NASA June 16 1980The Supreme Court declared in Diamond v. Chakrabarty that living organisms are products of human ingenuity are patentable 1896Jean Peugeot, French auto manufacturer who invented Peugeot automobiles1899Nelson Doubleday, American publisher who was the founder of Doubleday Books1902Barbara McClintock, American cytogeneticist, who lead in the development of maize cytogenetics (Nobel Prize 1983)1902George Gaylord Simpson, American paleontologist and expert on extinct mammals and their intercontinental migrations1910Richard Maling Barrer, chemist and the founding father of zeolite chemistry June 17 1980Ataris Asteroids and Lunar Lander are the first two video games to be copyright registered 1832William Crookes, English chemist and physicist who invented the Crookes tube and discovered thallium1867John Robert Gregg, Irish inventor of shorthand1870George Cormack, inventor of Wheaties cereal1907Charles Eames, American furniture and industrial designer1943Burt Rutan, American aerospace engineer who invented the light, strong, unusual-looking, energy-efficient Voyager aircraft, the first plane to fly around the world without stopping or refueling June 18 1935Rolls-Royce was trademark registered 1799Prosper Meniere, French ear doctor who identified Meniere Syndrome1799William Lassell, astronomer who discovered the moons of Uranus and Neptune1944Paul Lansky, American electronic-music composer and a pioneer in the development of computer music languages for algorithmic composition June 19 1900Michael Pupin granted a patent for long-distance telephony1940Brenda Starr, the first cartoon strip by a woman, appeared in a Chicago newspaper 1623 Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and physicist who invented an early calculator1922Aage Neals Bohr, Danish physicist who researched the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1975) June 20 1840Samuel Morse was granted a patent for telegraphy signals 1894Lloyd Augustus Hall, American food chemist who invented food preservation methods June 21 1834Cyrus McCormick of Virginia patented the reaper for the cultivation of grain 1876Willem Hendrik Keesom, Dutch physicist who was the first person to freeze helium gas into a solid1891Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian architect who designed the Nuove Struttura1955Tim Bray, Canadian inventor and software developer who wrote Bonnie, a Unix file system benchmarking tool; Lark, the first XML Processor; and APE, the Atom Protocol Exerciser June 22 1954The antacid Rolaids was trademark registered1847The donut was invented 1701Nikolaj Eigtved, Danish architect who built Christiansborg Castle1864Hermann Minkowski, German mathematician who created a geometry of numbers, and who used geometrical methods to solve difficult problems in number theory, mathematical physics and the theory of relativity1887Julian S. Huxley, English biologist who was a proponent of natural selection, the first director of UNESCO, and a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund1910Konrad Zuse, German civil engineer and computer pioneer who invented the first freely programmable computer June 23 1964Arthur Melin was granted a patent for his Hula-Hoop 1848Antoine Joseph Sax, Belgian inventor of the saxophone1894Alfred Kinsey, entomologist and sexologist, who wrote the famous Kinsey Report on American Sexuality1902Howard Engstrom, American computer designer who promoted the use of the UNIVAC computer1912Alan Turing, mathematician and computer theory pioneer, who invented the Turing Machine1943Vinton Cerf, American inventor of internet protocol June 24 1873Mark Twain patented a scrapbook1963The first demonstration of a home video recorder took place at BBC Studios in London, England 1771E.I. du Pont, French chemist and industrialist, who founded the gunpowder manufacturing company E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, now just called Du Pont1883Victor Francis Hess, American physicist who discovered cosmic rays (1936, Nobel Prize)1888Gerrit T. Rietveld, Dutch architect who built Juliana Hall and Sonsbeek Pavillion1909William Penney, British physicist who invented the first British atom bomb1915Fred Hoyle, cosmologist who proposed steady-state universe theory1927Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist who discovered the tau lepton (Nobel Prize, 1995) June 25 1929A patent was granted to G.L. Pierce for a basketball 1864Walther Hermann Nernst, German physical chemist and physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics, and for developing the Nernst equation (Nobel Prize, 1920)1894Hermann Oberth, German rocket scientist who invented the V2 rocket1907J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1963)1911William Howard Stein, American biochemist who was known for his work on ribonuclease and for his contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule (Nobel Prize, 1972)1925Robert Venturi, American modern architect who built the Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery, Wu Hall at Princeton and the Seattle Art Museum June 26 1951The childrens game Candy Land was trademark registered. 1730Charles Joseph Messier, astronomer who catalogued M objects1824William Thomson Kelvin, British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale1898Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer and manufacturer who invented the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter plane, the most important fighter in the German Luftwaffe1902William Lear, engineer and manufacturer, who invented jets and eight-track tape, and founded the Lear Jet company1913Maurice Wilkes invented the stored program concept for computers June 27 1929The first color television was demonstrated in New York City1967Baltimore Orioles and NY Jets trademarks were registered1967The name Kmart was trademark registered 1880 Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to earn a bachelor of arts degree June 28 1917Raggedy Ann doll was invented1956First atomic reactor built for private research starts operations in Chicago 1824Paul Broca, French brain surgeon, the first person to locate the speech center of the brain1825Richard ACE Erlenmeyer, German chemist, who invented the conical Erlenmeyer flask in 1961, discovered and synthesized several organic compounds, and formulated the Erlenmeyer rule1906Maria Goeppert Mayer, American atomic physicist, who proposed the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1963)1912Carl F. von Weiszacker, German physicist, who performed nuclear research in Germany during WWII1928John Stewart Bell, Irish physicist who wrote Bells Theorem June 29 1915Juicy Fruit chewing gum was trademark registered 1858George Washington Goethals, civil engineer who built the Panama Canal1861William James Mayo, American surgeon who started the Mayo Clinic1911Klaus Fuchs, German nuclear physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project and was arrested for being a spy June 30 1896William Hadaway was issued a patent for the electric stove 1791Felix Savart, French surgeon and physicist who formulated the Biot-Savart Law1926Paul Berg, American biochemist known for his contributions to research in nucleic acids